Modelling feeding, growth, and habitat selection in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): observations and model predictions in a macrocosm environment

نویسندگان

  • Trond Kristiansen
  • Øyvind Fiksen
  • Arild Folkvord
چکیده

Individual-based models (IBMs) integrate behavioural, physiological, and developmental features and differences among individuals. Building on previous process-based models, we developed an IBM of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that included foraging, size-, temperature-, and food-limited growth, and environmental factors such as prey-field, turbulence, and light. Direct comparison between larval fish IBMs and experimental studies is lacking. Using data from a macrocosm study on growth and feeding of larval cod, we forced the model with observed temperature and prey-field and compared model predictions with observed distribution, diet, size-at-age, and specific growth rates. We explored implications of habitat selection rules on predicted growth rates. We analyze the sensitivity of model predictions by the Latin Hypercube Sampling method and individual parameter perturbation. Food limitation prevented larvae from growing at their physiological maximum, especially in the period 5–17 days post hatch (DPH). Active habitat selection had the potential to enhance larval growth rates. The model predicted temperature-limited growth rates for first-feeding larvae (5–20 DPH) when prey density is >5 nauplii·L–1. After age 20 DPH, maximum modelled growth required a diet of copepodites. Simulated growth rates were close to observed values except for the period just after the start of exogenous feeding when prey density was low. Résumé : Les modèles centrés sur l’individu (IBMs) intègrent les caractéristiques du comportement, de la physiologie et du développement, ainsi que les différences entre les individus. Nous servant de modèles antérieurs basés sur les processus, nous bâtissons un IBM pour les larves de morue franche (Gadus morhua) qui inclut la recherche de nourriture, la croissance limitée par la température et l’alimentation, de même que des facteurs du milieu, tels que l’univers des proies, la turbulence et la lumière. Il n’existe pas de comparaisons directes entre les IBM de larves de poissons et les études expérimentales. À l’aide de données provenant d’une étude de la croissance et de l’alimentation de larves de morue en macrocosme, nous avons forcé le modèle avec les températures et les communautés de proies observées; nous avons ensuite comparé les prédictions du modèle à la répartition, au régime alimentaire, à la taille en fonction de l’âge et aux taux spécifiques de croissance observés. Nous avons exploré les conséquences des règles de sélection de l’habitat sur les taux de croissance prédits. Nous analysons la sensibilité des prédictions du modèle par la méthode d’échantillonnage par hypercubes latins et par la perturbation des paramètres individuels. La pénurie de nourriture empêche les larves de croître à leur taux physiologique maximal, particulièrement dans la période des jours 5–17 après l’éclosion (DPH). Une sélection active de l’habitat peut potentiellement améliorer les taux de croissance des larves. Le modèle prédit des taux de croissance limités par la température chez les larves qui se nourrissent pour la première fois (5–20 DPH), lorsque la densité des proies est >5 nauplius·L–1. À l’âge de 20 DPH, la croissance maximale prédite par le modèle exige un régime composé de copépodites. Les taux de croissance simulés sef rapprochent des valeurs observées à l’exception de la période qui suit immédiatement le début de l’alimentation exogène à un moment où la densité des proies est basse. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Kristiansen et al. 151

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تاریخ انتشار 2007